The Other OSR: Miseries & Misfortunes V

Miseries & Misfortunes is a roleplaying game set in seventeenth century France designed and published following a successful Kickstarter campaign by Luke Crane, best known for the fantasy roleplaying game, Burning Wheel. Notably, it is based on the mechanics of Basic Dungeons & Dragons. Originally, Miseries & Misfortunes appeared as a fanzine in 2015, but its second edition has since been developed to add new systems for skills, combat, magic, and more. However, the underlying philosophy of Miseries & Misfortunes still leans back into the play style of Basic Dungeons & Dragons. For example, the differing mechanics of rolling low for skill checks, but high for combat rolls and saving throws. Plus, the Player Characters exist in an uncaring world where bad luck, misfortune, and even death will befall them and there will be no one left to commiserate or mourn except the other characters and their players. Further, Miseries & Misfortunes is not a cinematic swashbuckling game of musketeers versus the Cardinal’s guards. It is grimmer and grimier than that, and the Player Characters can come from all walks of life. That said, it is set in the similar period as Alexandre Dumas’ Three Musketeers and Twenty Years After, so will be familiar to many players. The other major inspiration for Miseries & Misfortunes is Les Misères et les Malheurs de la Guerre, a set of eighteen etchings by French artist Jacques Callot that grimly depict the nature of the conflict in the early years of the Thirty Years War.

Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 5: Homage to Catalonia is the fifth of the roleplaying game’s rulebooks. The first, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 1: Roleplaying in 1648 gives the core rules for the roleplaying game, and the second, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux provides the means to actually create Player Characters, and together they make up the core rules. Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane expands on this with rules for magic and related Lifepaths, and Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 4: Plus de Misères offers modes of play and further subsystems that also expand upon the core play, whilst Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 5: Homage to Catalonia provides something that that Miseries & Misfortunes has been missing to date—a scenario.

Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 5: Homage to Catalonia is an introductory scenario set in 1647 in the disputed region of Catalonia. Triggering The Reaper’s War in 1640 by declaring itself a republic independent of Spain, Catalonia then declared itself a county of France the following year, in the process acquiring a strong ally. France accepted and made King Louis XIII the count of the newly acquired region. Of course, Cardinal Richelieu was not doing this out of the goodness of his heart, but rather to keep the Spanish Habsburgs in check, adding one more conflict to those that Madrid faced in the Spanish Netherlands, the Holy Roman Empire, Italy, and South America. It is picaresque in nature, taking the Player Characters back and forth across Catalonia.

The set-up for scenario recommends that the Player Characters include at least one of their number to take either the Lifepath of Barber Surgeon, Doctor, Military Engineer, Miquelet, Officer, Petty Noble, Segador, or Soldier. Of these, the Miquelet, a member of the militia, and the Segador, one of the farmers that rose up during The Reaper’s War, are both detailed at the back of Miseries & Misfortunes Book 5: Homage to Catalonia, whereas the Barber Surgeon, Doctor, and Military Engineer are described in Miseries & Misfortunes Book 6: Paris, 1648. The players will have an advantage throughout the scenario if their characters come from a diverse range of backgrounds and social origins. At least one Player Character should have a high Precedence or Reputation. The players also need to decide on a motif, a reason why they are together. Several are suggested going back several years, including The Reaper’s War itself if the Player Characters are all Catalan.

The scenario is divided into twelve events, split into two parts. For an introductory scenario, it is a surprisingly lengthy affair, each half likely taking three sessions at least to play through. The scenario opens in the wake of the first defeat for the daring commander of the French forces, the Prince de Condé, his failure to capture the fortress city of Lerida. Despite the failure, the Player Characters have distinguished themselves—the players need to decide how before the start of play—and brought themselves to the attention of the Prince de Condé. They are invited to attend what turns out to be a rather subdued soirée and have the chance to mingle, learn various rumours about the recent battle and the attendees, and if they are of sufficient standing, pay their respects to the Prince de Condé. The event is interrupted with the arrival of a message from Paris—the Prince de Condé has been summoned home.

To prevent the possibility of a Spanish attempt to capture himself and his entourage, the Prince de Condé decides to play a ruse and a joke on them. Or rather on Governor Don Gregorio Brito of Portugal, the commander of the fortress at Lerida, with whom the Prince de Condé has a surprisingly cordial relationship. The Player Characters are volunteered for this important diversion, which is to accompany a mule train bearing gifts for Governor Don Gregorio Brito of Portugal with the ambitious Chevalier de Jumeaux riding as the stand in or decoy for the Prince de Condé.

The rest of this first half involves dealing with a pensive Chevalier de Jumeaux and a Spanish spy looking to take advantage of the Prince de Condé’s plans, unaware that it is actually a ruse. The spy will lead a force in an attempt to capture the Prince de Condé and steal all of his gifts for the governor of Lerida. This will result in a confrontation of some kind, with where and when depending on the actions and decisions of the Player Characters. The scenario details a dilapidated farmhouse where they might hold out against the Spanish assault, almost mirroring the French efforts at Lerida. If they survive this, the Player Characters will need to find a way of delivering the mules and the gifts they are bearing to Governor Don Gregorio Brito of Portugal, hopefully without ending up in gaol.

The second half of Miseries & Misfortunes Book 5: Homage to Catalonia begins with the Player Characters bearing another message, though one not requiring a mule train, to Bishop Duran in the town of Seu d’Urgell. He accepts the letter and also requests that they do some ‘dirty work’ for him. Bandits have plagued the area for some years and more recently they captured a Jesuit priest who was bringing the bishop a valuable bible for him to study and are now holding him to ransom. The bishop would like the Player Characters to free the Jesuit priest and gives them what funds he has free to pay the ransom. This though, is not the asking price the bandits are asking for in return for freeing the priest.

In order to deliver the ransom the Player Characters will need to ascend into the Pyrenees and Andorra via the La Pas de la Casa. Here is where the problems begin for the Player Characters. They run into a traffic jam at a bottleneck which the bandits are cleverly using to rob everyone entering the pass intending to go onto France. This includes the Player Characters! How they deal with this robbery will affect later interactions with the bandits, but the bandits will have the upper hand throughout this half of the scenario and they know the region and have restored a Roman watchtower as their holdout. The Player Characters are free to approach this in whatever way they want and the scenario covers a variety of actions, including going to the local lord and seeking his support in ridding the area of the bandits.

The scenario in Miseries & Misfortunes Book 5: Homage to Catalonia comes to a close with a discussion of the possible outcomes. Defeat at the hands of the bandits will be doubly disastrous as the Player Characters will also lose the patronage of the Prince de Condé. In addition, all of the NPCs that the Player Characters will directly interact with are given full write-ups, and there are new options for the Player Characters. These include the aforementioned Lifepaths of the Miquelet and the Segador, and these are joined by the Bruxia, a Catalan witch. Added to these are notes on Catalan skills, mentalities, politics, and religion, plus two types of Catalan magic. These are for the Bruxia, and consist of Bruixeria, which involves spellcasting by applying the Devil’s Unguent, and Felitico, which involves creating fetishes through which their power is channelled. There is plenty of potential as you would expect in these Lifepaths, but the Bruxia is going to have a tough time against devout Christians.

Physically, Miseries & Misfortunes Book 5: Homage to Catalonia is well presented and written. It is lightly illustrated with the major illustrations being used to locations where the scenario’s major confrontations take place. Each scene is very well organised with a detailed breakdown that provides an overview, details of patron, antagonists, supporting cast, opportunities, and outcomes. They do have ‘Mood and Bread’ ratings for each event, but these are for the Crowd rules from Miseries & Misfortunes Book 6: Paris, 1648. Footnotes throughout provide translations and further explanations as necessary.

Miseries & Misfortunes Book 5: Homage to Catalonia is no simple introductory adventure and even when it is presenting a situation typical to an introductory scenario, that is, dealing with banditry, there is no simple and direct method of dealing with them. They are, like all of the NPCs in the scenario, presented as intelligent persons and as having strong motives. Some of those accompanying the Player Characters will want to fight too readily, whilst others will avoid fights as best they can, and when it comes to the villains, if the players and their characters do defeat them, they should feel like they have achieved something. That Miseries & Misfortunes Book 5: Homage to Catalonia pulls away from the politics and mores of Paris typical of the Roleplaying genre by shifting to a little known conflict is also a plus. The scenario is also supported by a wealth of historical detail, including capturing some of the region’s radical politics.

Miseries & Misfortunes Book 5: Homage to Catalonia showcases how Miseries & Misfortunes and its genre can be more than the swashbuckling and the savoir faire and the politics and Paris so beloved of the genre. It includes a good mix of roleplaying and action in an unfamiliar land and conflict that will surprise many expecting a more traditional swashbuckling foray.

The Other OSR: Miseries & Misfortunes IV

Miseries & Misfortunes is a roleplaying game set in seventeenth century France designed and published following a successful Kickstarter campaign by Luke Crane, best known for the fantasy roleplaying game, Burning Wheel. Notably, it is based on the mechanics of Basic Dungeons & Dragons. Originally, Miseries & Misfortunes appeared as a fanzine in 2015, but its second edition has since been developed to add new systems for skills, combat, magic, and more. However, the underlying philosophy of Miseries & Misfortunes still leans back into the play style of Basic Dungeons & Dragons. For example, the differing mechanics of rolling low for skill checks, but high for combat rolls and saving throws. Plus, the Player Characters exist in an uncaring world where bad luck, misfortune, and even death will befall them and there will be no one left to commiserate or mourn except the other characters and their players. Further, Miseries & Misfortunes is not a cinematic swashbuckling game of musketeers versus the Cardinal’s guards. It is grimmer and grimier than that, and the Player Characters can come from all walks of life. That said, it is set in the similar period as Alexandre Dumas’ Three Musketeers and Twenty Years After, so will be familiar to many players. The other major inspiration for Miseries & Misfortunes is Les Misères et les Malheurs de la Guerre, a set of eighteen etchings by French artist Jacques Callot that grimly depict the nature of the conflict in the early years of the Thirty Years War.

Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 4: Plus de Misères is the fourth of the roleplaying game’s rulebooks. The first, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 1: Roleplaying in 1648 gives the core rules for the roleplaying game, and the second, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux provides the means to actually create Player Characters, and together they make up the core rules. Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane expands on this with rules for magic and related Lifepaths, whilst Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 4: Plus de Misères offers modes of play and further subsystems that also expand upon the core play. As the introduction to the supplement states, what it it offers is ‘More Misery’, with the majority of the supplement intended for use by the Game Master, but all of the new rules will add detail and flavour to her campaign and affect the lives of the Player Characters in some ways.

The supplement opens in interesting fashion. If the majority of Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 4: Plus de Misères is for the eyes of the Game Master, the opening essay should be read by player and Game Master alike. ‘Modernity’ provides the reader with an eye-opening perspective of what life was like and people believed in 1648. This includes the belief that the world was in decline, the high point having been classical Rome and Greece, that the science and philosophy of thought we know of today were not for the common man, history and its ideas were accepted truths, disease was spread by miasmas and worms, cities had yet to be transformed by the dictates of either mass or public transport and so streets remained as they did in the Medieval period, and so on. It is a fascinating read that does not swerve the worst that the era had to offer, including misogyny and ant-Semitism. This is not necessarily to enforce their presence in play, but rather acknowledge that they were part of the culture in 1648. This is an excellent start to the supplement.

The majority of Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 4: Plus de Misères consists of two sections. One is ‘Mode de Jeu’, or ‘mode of play’, the other is ‘Petits Systémes’. ‘Mode de Jeu’ begins with ‘Moments’, which examines the structure of play in Miseries & Misfortunes, which is made up of the eponymous ‘Moments’ in time, essentially situations or scenarios that the Player Characters can involve themselves in. It divides them into two types—‘Historical’ and ‘Novel’. The first of these are based around actual events, the aim being to involve the Player Characters in their events, whilst the second are plots and events that the Game Master creates herself. The Game Master sets up a timeline of moments, a mix of both types, that he weaves a plot through. The players do not roleplay through them one after another in linear fashion, but have the freedom to dip in and out of the timeline, according to their needs and those of the plot. There is even a full breakdown of a Historical Moment, making you wish that there was a full book of such events for the Game Master to use. To mark the passage of time, after the playthrough of a Moment and any subsequent downtime, the play of Miseries & Misfortunes switches to narrative scenes in which the lives of the Player Characters’ dependents are examined to see what has happened to them in the meantime and how they might have been affected by the actions of the Player Characters.

To support the ‘Moments’, ‘Mode de Jeu’ breaks down two types of plots—quests and intrigues—and discusses how to prepare for play. This includes right at the start of a campaign and comes with some excellent suggestions, such as having the player recap the adventures and heroics of their characters, even just the one of their characters. There is good advice on creating antagonists and the supporting cast too and the chapter ends with a discussion on safety tools. Arguably, given the nature of the setting for Miseries & Misfortunes, this could have been placed earlier in the book.

‘Petits Systémes’ or small systems, provides a number of sub-systems that expands options and rules for Miseries & Misfortunes. These begin with ‘Favour’, the gaining of the patronage from notable figures, based on the traits that these potential patrons seek or value, such as charm or cleverness or piety. If the Player Characters perform tasks and missions in accordance with those traits, they will gain patronage and be rewarded. If not, the patron will feel disappointed and even feel betrayed. The Player Characters can have more than one patron and it is suggested that beyond the first or major patron, the players should each control and roleplay a patron rather than the Game Master in what is another shift to narrative style play.

Perhaps the new addition that most players will be interested is ‘Duello’, which are rules for duelling in Miseries & Misfortunes. This starts with the legal difficulties of duelling, having been outlawed by the king’s father and grandfather, versus the desire of the nobility to satisfy their honour, and goes on to cover issuing a challenge, employing a duellist, the duelling code, and more. A duellist’s Duelling skill is based on his Mêlée and how many Lifepath skills he has in Fencer. This greatly favours the latter as it should, hence the need for some to hire a duellist to protect their honour. Ideally, the duel should be played out on a grid of squares—which can be constrained by the location and its features—with the actual cut and thrust of the swordplay done as series of initiative tests to first see who can outmanoeuvre the other and the options then available to both, such as ‘Barbed Words’, ‘Break Grips’ if the duellists are in a tie, ‘Trip’, ‘Inside Cut’, and more. There is a pleasing back and forth flow to the rules, but whilst they allow for manoeuvre and movement, these are not duelling rules for swashbuckling and cinematic play. So, footwork, but not jumping and leaping. This is all about swordplay and honour, but as the rules suggest, not necessarily to the death. Lastly, ‘Duello’ points out there are legal ramifications for duelling even when a duel does not end in a death, such as a six-month prison sentence for the soufflet—the slapping of another in the face with a glove! Overall, ‘Duello’ adds a nice combination of skill and roleplay to Miseries & Misfortunes and is likely to be one of the most used rulesets in the supplement.

Penultimately, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 4: Plus de Misères takes an unpleasant turn with ‘Disease’, an examination of maladies and infections in the period. As noted in ‘Modernity’ earlier in the book, disease was rife in the period. The best that a Player Character can hope for is rest and the hope that he receives proper treatment—or at least what can be regarded as the proper treatment of the day. There are three recognised sources of treatment—Barber, Chirurgy, and Physic—which provide different means to treat different diseases. The use of the improper source, insufficient skill (represented by Gnosis , the degree of knowledge a practitioner knows, as detailed in Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane), and even a complete of skill can result in Quackery, the ability to appear to be aiding the sufferer whilst not actually doing anything to help or even inflicting further suffering. This can include a range of tonics, baths, and pills—and even prayer! The section includes a full list of diseases, their symptoms, and cures—both legitimate and quack. It all makes for very grim reading and a player had best hope that his character does not fall ill, because having to roleplay the treatment, let alone the symptoms, is not going to be pleasant. Lastly, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 4: Plus de Misères gives guidelines on communications and languages in ‘Communications’.

Physically, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 4: Plus de Misères is well presented and written with lots of period artwork and etchings which helps impart its historical setting. It does lack an index, but this is not so much of an issue given the compartmentalised nature of its various subjects.

Ultimately, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 4: Plus de Misères is the equivalent of a Miseries & Misfortunes miscellany or a Miseries & Misfortunes companion. Some of the content is more useful than others and some does add more detail and complexity than every group will want to in engage with. ‘Chevaux’ is an example of the latter, whilst ‘Duello’ is an example of the former. Then some of it is fascinatingly revelatory, like the ‘Modernity’ essay, and in the case of ‘Disease’, both revelatory and grim. Elsewhere, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 4: Plus de Misères provides support for campaigns with its discussion of ‘Moments’ and ‘Favour’ that also at the same time do shift the roleplaying game away from its Old School Renaissance roots towards a slightly more narrative style of play. Ultimately, the ‘Duello’ chapter is what is going attract the Game Master and her players to the supplement, but there is a lot more misery in the pages of Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 4: Plus de Misères to explore and bring into play.

The Other OSR: Miseries & Misfortunes III

Miseries & Misfortunes is a roleplaying game set in seventeenth century France designed and published following a successful Kickstarter campaign by Luke Crane, best known for the fantasy roleplaying game, Burning Wheel. Notably, it is based on the mechanics of Basic Dungeons & Dragons. Originally, Miseries & Misfortunes appeared as a fanzine in 2015, but its second edition has since been developed to add new systems for skills, combat, magic, and more. However, the underlying philosophy of Miseries & Misfortunes still leans back into the play style of Basic Dungeons & Dragons. For example, the differing mechanics of rolling low for skill checks, but high for combat rolls and saving throws. Plus, the Player Characters exist in an uncaring world where bad luck, misfortune, and even death will befall them and there will be no one left to commiserate or mourn except the other characters and their players. Further, Miseries & Misfortunes is not a cinematic swashbuckling game of musketeers versus the Cardinal’s guards. It is grimmer and grimier than that, and the Player Characters can come from all walks of life. That said, it is set in the similar period as Alexandre Dumas’ Three Musketeers and Twenty Years After, so will be familiar to many players. The other major inspiration for Miseries & Misfortunes is Les Misères et les Malheurs de la Guerre, a set of eighteen etchings by French artist Jacques Callot that grimly depict the nature of the conflict in the early years of the Thirty Years War.

Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane is the third of the roleplaying game’s rulebooks. The first, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 1: Roleplaying in 1648 gives the core rules for the roleplaying game, and the second, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux provides the means to actually create Player Characters, and together they make up the core rules. Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane does two things. One is that it provides the rules for learning and casting various types of magic and the other is a set of Lifepaths for both religious and arcane character types. The Game Master can make use of some of the Lifepaths without making use of the rules for magic.

Magic in Miseries & Misfortunes can only be learned through the reading and studying of the written word. This is primarily from grimoires which contain hidden truths far beyond that of the two divine books of Christianity—the Book of God and the Book of Nature. This knowledge is called ‘Gnosis’ and it is required to perform rituals, cast spells, and mix formulae. Through Gnosis, a practitioner can study the physical and metaphysical properties of the world and learn to alter numerous substances through Chymistry; Goëtia to summon and command demons; Necromancy to affect the world, particularly spirits and the dead; Theology to understand and communicate with the divine to invoke prayers of one’s faith; and Theurgy to summon and bind aerial spirits or angels. There are parallels certainly in the study of ‘Gnosis’ and the Mythos of Call of Cthulhu, but with differences. One is that there is no Sanity loss for reading the grimoires in Miseries & Misfortunes, but the other is that where a Player Character will know how much Cthulhu Mythos knowledge his Investigator has, a Player Character in Miseries & Misfortunes does not. Instead, it is kept secret by the Game Master.

Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane lists some one-hundred-and-forty grimoires. Most have a language requirement to be read, and any attempt to read a grimoire can lead to a successful interpretation or a misinterpretation. The reader who misinterprets a grimoire can attempt to read it again, but the amount of Gnosis he can learn from it is reduced. If this happens too many times, the grimoire actually becomes useless. A reader’s Gnosis also needs to be high enough to be able to interpret the grimoire, which takes time. However, a failure to misinterpret can lead to a long period of meditation without learning anything, the learning of false knowledge, and again, the degradation of the text. The process takes time, whatever the outcome. Another way of gaining Gnosis is through appreciation of great art and beauty, though the Player Character needs to be open to this rather than being stubborn.

Once learned, Gnosis represents the degree of knowledge a practitioner knows, no matter which tradition he follows or studies, each of which has its own skill. Chymistry includes a list of chymical formulae; Goëtia comes with a list of demons, their form and office—the latter the purview of their powers, and Demons can only be summoned at certain times of the day; Necomancy a list of highly detailed spells; Theology divides its prayers between those used by Catholics and those used by Protestants; and Theurgy, a surprisingly short list of Angels and their offices. Notably, each of the practices has its own set of unintended results and catastrophic results, many of which are quite amusing. In addition to the major difficulties of learning and casting, there are social challenges in learning Gnosis. Many of the traditions have been declared heresy and practitioners are hunted by the Inquisition.

The particular tradition that a practitioner studies depends on the Lifepaths they have followed. Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane includes five new Lifepaths. These are Exorcist, Jesuit Priest, Occultist, Protestant Pastor, and Philosopher. Thus, the Exorcist studies Goëtia, the Jesuit Priest and the Pastor Theology, the Occultist both Goëtia and Theurgy, and the Philosopher, Chymistery. All five begin a six-sided die’s worth of Gnosis.

Physically, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane is well presented and written, and although it does include some examples, these feel underwritten in places. It is illustrated with a period artwork and etchings which helps impart its historical setting. If it is missing anything, it is an index, but at just forty pages, this is not too much of an issue.

Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane provides a solid set of rules for adding ‘magic’ to the world of Miseries & Misfortune, although it is not really magic or even as simple as magic. In many cases the practitioners are dealing with the profane and the heretical, so dangerous both metaphysically and socially. It also takes time to research and interpret, so it involves more effort and work than most magic systems, so more commitment upon the part of the players and their characters. Of the traditions, Theurgy does feel underwritten, but the others are nicely detailed, and if there is anything missing, it is a Nun Lifepath and notes for Gnosis studying NPCs. Otherwise, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane expands its Early Modern France setting both mechanically and thematically adding dangerous knowledge.

The Other OSR: Miseries & Misfortunes II

The year is 1648. The War of the Counter-Reformation never seems to end as what was at first a civil between the Germanic states of the Holy Roman Empire over the rights and dominance of the Lutheran and Catholic churches that drew other nations of Europe and escalated into a contest for European dominance between Habsburg-ruled Spain and Austria, and the French House of Bourbon. Surrounded by Spanish Hapsburgs to the south, east, and north, France not only faces enemies from without, but also within, for the kingdom is divided by many loyalties. Louis XIV is only ten, but has already been king for five years. His mother, Queen Anne, a former Habsburg princess and the most hated woman in France, governs as regent with aid of her able prime minister, Cardinal Mazarin, the most hated man in France. Together they have kept France safe, but the continued need for more funds to maintain the war effort requires more taxes to be raised and more offices to be sold, arousing the anger of Parlement. Worse, the burden of the taxes will fall upon the bourgeois and the peasantry, those of the third estate or menu peuple, and the poor, or les maginaux, whilst the nobility of the second estate pay little and the clergy of the first estate pay none. All of which is collected in a manner which is inefficient and prone to corruption. Thus, there is a divide between all levels of society, between those who can afford to pay taxes and pay little and those who cannot afford to pay taxes and pay more. There are divisions of religion between the Catholics, Lutherans, Huguenots, and Jews. There are divisions of loyalty and politics between the Royalists who support Queen Anne and Cardinal Mazarin; the Frondeurs who oppose both them and the heavy tax burden; the Noblists who oppose Queen Anne and Cardinal Mazarin in order to maintain the independence of France’s great families; the Hapsburg faction which would ally with the biggest power in Europe as it would be best to be on the winning side and the right side of God; and the Cardinalists, who recognise Mazarin as the real power in France and believe his efforts have kept France safe to date. This is France in 1648 and the background to Miseries & Misfortunes.

Miseries & Misfortunes is a roleplaying game set in seventeenth century France designed and published following a successful Kickstarter campaign by Luke Crane, best known for the fantasy roleplaying game, Burning Wheel. Notably, it is based on the mechanics of Basic Dungeons & Dragons. Originally, Miseries & Misfortunes appeared as a fanzine in 2015, but its second edition has since been developed to add new systems for skills, combat, magic, and more. However, the underlying philosophy of Miseries & Misfortunes still leans back into the play style of Basic Dungeons & Dragons. For example, the differing mechanics of rolling low for skill checks, but high for combat rolls and saving throws. Plus, the Player Characters exist in an uncaring world where bad luck, misfortune, and even death will befall them and there will be no one left to commiserate or mourn except the other characters and their players. Further, Miseries & Misfortunes is not a cinematic swashbuckling game of musketeers versus the Cardinal’s guards. It is grimmer and grimier than that, and the Player Characters can come from all walks of life. That said, it is set in the similar period as Alexandre Dumas’ Three Musketeers and Twenty Years After, so will be familiar to many players. The other major inspiration for Miseries & Misfortunes is Les Misères et les Malheurs de la Guerre, a set of eighteen etchings by French artist Jacques Callot that grimly depict the nature of the conflict in the early years of the Thirty Years War.

Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux is the second of the roleplaying game’s two core rulebooks. The first, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 1: Roleplaying in 1648 provides the core rules for the roleplaying game, whilst the second, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux provides the means to actually create Player Characters. Further rulebooks and supplements add expanded rules, magic, science, and divinity, provide a detailed scenario and setting, and describe Paris in this period. A Player Character in Miseries & Misfortunes has six governing abilities—Strength, Intelligence, Wisdom, Dexterity, Constitution, and Charisma. These range in value between three and eighteen, but can go lower. Each provides a bonus to the roleplaying game’s eight skills, but for situations where pure Strength or Intelligence is required, a roll equal to, or less than the value will succeed. The eight core skills are Break, Improvise, Listen, Parley, Sang Froid, Search, Sneak, and Traverse. Of these Sang Froid, or ‘cold blood’, is the strong will and steeliness needed to commit acts of violence. Each skill is represented by a die type and rating, for example, ‘3/6’, meaning that the Player Character must roll three or less on a six-sided die to succeed. If a skill is raised to ‘5/6’ and then raised again, its die type increases to ‘7/8’, meaning that the Player Character must roll seven or less on an eight-sided die to succeed. The maximum a Player Character can have in a skill is ‘19/20’. The rating of a skill can be raised during character generation, following the Life Paths presented in Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux, and temporarily during play with bonuses for situation and the Player Character’s actions. A skill rating reduced to zero is ‘Unmoored’ and rolled on ‘1/10’.

A Player Character has four saves—Artillery, Chance, Poison & Plague, and Terror. These are set at sixteen. They can be lowered as a result of events in a Player Character’s Life Path. Similarly, his values for Defence—based on Strength, and Dodge—based on Dexterity, are also modified by a Player Character’s Life Path. Hit Points and Will—lost either in a duel of wits, from losing a fight, from encountering the supernatural, or being attacked in the press—are also determined by a Player Character’s Life Path. A Player Character has three Mentalités, Nationality, Politics, and Religion, which are also treated like skills. In the core rules for Miseries & Misfortunes, Nationality will be French, but Politics can be Royalist, Froundeur, Noblist, Hapsburg, or Cardinalist, whilst Religion can be Catholic, Lutheran, Huguenot, or Jewish. All of which will set up rivalries and influence interaction as play progresses. Lastly, a Player Character will have Precedence, which will depend upon which of the three estates he belongs to and his station within that estate. This is the equivalent of his social status and will play a role in interactions with NPCs and in duels of wit.

To create a character, a player first works with the other players to create a Motif. This is a bond that the Player Characters share together as a group, can be invoked during play. Once decided, the player rolls for his character’s Quality of Birth and Wealth, which determines his income source and the number of obligations he has. This is followed by rolls for his income range and property type owned, which can also increase his number of obligations, the first of which is to the state and the second to the self. Dependents and their lifestyles increase the Player Character’s Obligation. The player rolls Mentalités for his character followed by his abilities. The latter are rolled on three six-sided dice, in order, and can provide modifiers to basic skills, saves, and more.

Following this, the Player Character is put through a series of Lifepaths. A Lifepath provides the base Hit Points for the Player Character, along with modifiers to Saves and basic skills, plus skills particular to the Lifepath for a total of six. Each Lifepath has a maximum of six Levels, with each Level requiring certain objectives to be fulfilled before the Player Character can advance. For example, to advance to Third Level, a Musketeer must both defend the honour of the Musketeers and defend his honour in a duel. Each Level grants all of the bonuses, but one less skill each time. Thus, a Third Level Sailor selects four skills to improve, but only three at Fifth Level. There are twelve Lifepaths. These are Américain(e), Clerk, Factotum, Filou, Gamin(e), Infantry Officer, Merchant-Venturer, Musketeer, Passeur, Petty Noble, Sailor, and Soldier. Of these, Américain(e) are those who have returned from the colonies, including escaped slaves; Filou are petty criminals; Gamin(e) are the orphans and urchins, the younger siblings of the Filou; and the Passeur ferries goods and persons across the River Seine in Paris. For a starting Player Character it is suggested that three Levels be taken in the one Lifepath. In addition, at each Level, a base skill also increases.

The choice of starting Lifepath also determines a Player Character’s starting age, whilst the Quality of Birth his life expectancy. The latter is rolled by the Game Master rather than the player and kept secret. The difference between current age and life expectancy becomes the Player Character’s Mortal Coil, which can be spent to gain bonuses to rolls and saves. Lastly, the player works what the character’s Measures—Hit Points, Will, Defence and Dodge, Morale, Reputation, and Precedence—all are determined.

In addition to completing tasks and objectives necessary to advance to the next Level of a Lifepath, a Player Character can attempt to complete tasks and objectives necessary to advance to the next Level of his three Mentalités—Nationality, Politics, and Religion. For example, to advance his Nationality Mentalité from First Level to Second Level, his Player Character must visit the capital for a royal celebration and see the king or queen as well as boast about the indomitable spirit and proud national character of his character, whilst to do the same for his Religious Mentalité, he simply has to attend to religious ceremonies in support of his faith.

Our sample Player Character is Phillippus. His family are paper makers and booksellers. His intelligence was spotted at an early age and he benefited from a Jesuit education despite his faith and was sponsored to attend university. He has recently graduated and is seeking a position as a clerk to better himself. His family includes two cousins by marriage who are pleased of the opportunity to work in the family business, whilst his younger brother has yet to decide his future.

Phillippus
Third Level Clerk
Age: 21 (Life Expectancy 60, Mortal Coil 39)

Quality of Birth: Artisan
Social Strata: Artisan
Income Source: Business Income Range: 5
Property: City Home (Asset Value: 3) Wealth Rating: 5/6
Debts: Owes a small debt

Obligations: 9
State 1/6 Personal 1/6

Dependents: 3
Younger cousin (In-law, Bread Alone, Obligation 1), Older Cousin (In-law, Bread Alone, Obligation 1), Younger Brother (Blood, Respectable, Obligation 2)

MENTALITÉS
Nationality: French 1/6 Politics: Royalist 1/6 Religion: Huguenot 1/6

ABILITIES
Strength 10 Intelligence 17 (+2) Wisdom 13 (+1) Dexterity 11 Constitution 13 (+1) Charisma 14 (+1)

SKILLS
Accounting 5/6, Break 1/6 Composition 5/6, Improvise 2/6 Listen 3/6 Parley 4/6 Sang Froid 2/6 Search 3/6 Sneak 2/6 Traverse 2/6

OTHER LIFEPATH SKILLS
Documentarian (+2 to hit with Accuse, confess, and Threaten actions in Duel of Wits with documentary support), Record Keeper (+2 to Search skill in libraries, archives, or government offices)

LANGUAGES
French 7/8, Greek 1/6, Latin 3/6, Spanish 2/6

SAVES
Artillery 16 Chance 13 Poison & Plague 12 Terror 15

MEASURES
Hit Points: 9 Will: 8
Defence: 10 Dodge: 11 Morale: 8
Reputation: 5 Precedence: 3rd État/3

The process is not difficult, but it is detailed and it is fiddly. There are a lot of numbers to note down and so on, so the process does take a bit of time. If there is anything missing from the selection of Lifepaths, it is those for the members of the clergy, the First Estate. These though are actually detailed in Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane. Another issue, perhaps, is the role of women in the setting. There is no discussion of this, whether to adhere to a historical attitudes and roles or run the roleplaying game allowing more wider roles for both men and women. Ultimately, this will be up to the Game Master and her players to decide. That said, from the Lifepaths given, there is also no adventuress-style role akin to that of Milady de Winter, as depicted in The Three Musketeers. Yet in the case of Milady de Winter, there is also no Nun Lifepath to start from, either in Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux or Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 3: The Sacred & The Profane. To start then, a player might start with Filou or Gamine and build a similar history using other Lifepaths such as Petty Noble.

Beyond the basics of creating a character, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux covers Virtues and Flaws, such as Patient or Compassionate, Cruel or Gluttonous. These tied to a Player Character’s six abilities, but are not selected during the creation process. Instead, they are chosen and earned through play, several sessions into the game. Rounding out Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux is a section of equipment and for the Game Master a set of tables for creating NPCs. More broadly, there is a short guide to curses appropriate to the period and in ‘Mode of the Day’, a guide to the speech patterns of the period. Though short, this is a delight, making clear that the players and their characters should be polite, speak obliquely and colourfully, and use more words than a modern speaker would. For example, “Monsieur, I wish it were the case that you had cause to visit the Netherlands just the once and so could spend your time at home in this very fine house with its bounteous wine cellar and extensive, if unleafed, library, in the tender embrace of your beautiful wife, on French soil as every true patriot should, but I have it on very good authority, the Dutch authorities indeed, that you have been seen in Rotterdam more than once. Indeed, Dutch records show that you purchased numerous cargoes, but unfortunately, having searched the state records, my efforts have been in vain. I simply cannot find any record of the taxes owed to the crown on those cargoes. I am but a humble bureaucrat, perhaps you can enlightenment me as to where you sold those cargoes and what taxes you paid on them?”

Physically, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux is well presented and written, and includes a full example of character creation, which goes some way to ease the learning of the process. It is illustrated with a period artwork and etchings which helps impart its historical setting. If it is missing anything, it is an index, but at just over sixty pages, this is not too much of an issue.

Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux presents the character creation process for Miseries & Misfortunes in as straightforward a fashion as is possible. It could have done with a simple listing of the complete step-by-step process with page numbers, but the book is quite short, so the process is not necessarily difficult, but rather takes a little getting used to, given the number of things that a player has to do to create a character. The resulting Player Character sits somewhere in terms of complexity and detail between Maelstrom and Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay, capable, but fragile as per the Old School Renaissance origins of Miseries & Misfortunes demands.

The Other OSR: Miseries & Misfortunes I

The year is 1648. The War of the Counter-Reformation never seems to end as what was at first a civil between the Germanic states of the Holy Roman Empire over the rights and dominance of the Lutheran and Catholic churches that drew other nations of Europe and escalated into a contest for European dominance between Habsburg-ruled Spain and Austria, and the French House of Bourbon. Surrounded by Spanish Hapsburgs to the south, east, and north, France not only faces enemies from without, but also within, for the kingdom is divided by many loyalties. Louis XIV is only ten, but has already been king for five years. His mother, Queen Anne, a former Habsburg princess and the most hated woman in France, governs as regent with aid of her able prime minister, Cardinal Mazarin, the most hated man in France. Together they have kept France safe, but the continued need for more funds to maintain the war effort requires more taxes to be raised and more offices to be sold, arousing the anger of Parlement. Worse, the burden of the taxes will fall upon the bourgeois and the peasantry, those of the third estate or menu peuple, and the poor, or les maginaux, whilst the nobility of the second estate pay little and the clergy of the first estate pay none. All of which is collected in a manner which is inefficient and prone to corruption. Thus, there is a divide between all levels of society, between those who can afford to pay taxes and pay little and those who cannot afford to pay taxes and pay more. There are divisions of religion between the Catholics, Lutherans, Huguenots, and Jews. There are divisions of loyalty and politics between the Royalists who support Queen Anne and Cardinal Mazarin; the Frondeurs who oppose both them and the heavy tax burden; the Noblists who oppose Queen Anne and Cardinal Mazarin in order to maintain the independence of France’s great families; the Hapsburg faction which would ally with the biggest power in Europe as it would be best to be on the winning side and the right side of God; and the Cardinalists, who recognise Mazarin as the real power in France and believe his efforts have kept France safe to date. This is France in 1648 and the background to Miseries & Misfortunes.

Miseries & Misfortunes is a roleplaying game set in seventeenth century France designed and published following a successful Kickstarter campaign by Luke Crane, best known for the fantasy roleplaying game, Burning Wheel. Notably, it is based on the mechanics of Basic Dungeons & Dragons. Originally, Miseries & Misfortunes appeared as a fanzine in 2015, but its second edition has since been developed to add new systems for skills, combat, magic, and more. However, the underlying philosophy of Miseries & Misfortunes still leans back into the play style of Basic Dungeons & Dragons. For example, the differing mechanics of rolling low for skill checks, but high for combat rolls and saving throws. Plus, the Player Characters exist in an uncaring world where bad luck, misfortune, and even death will befall them and there will be no one left to commiserate or mourn except the other characters and their players. Further, Miseries & Misfortunes is not a cinematic swashbuckling game of musketeers versus the Cardinal’s guards. It is grimmer and grimier than that, and the Player Characters can come from all walks of life. That said, it is set in the similar period as Alexandre Dumas’ Three Musketeers and Twenty Years After, so will be familiar to many players. The other major inspiration for Miseries & Misfortunes is Les Misères et les Malheurs de la Guerre, a set of eighteen etchings by French artist Jacques Callot that grimly depict the nature of the conflict in the early years of the Thirty Years War.

Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 1: Roleplaying in 1648 France is the first of the roleplaying game’s two core rulebooks. It presents the core rules and background, as well as explaining elements of the Player Character, whilst Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux provides the means to actually create Player Characters. Further rulebooks and supplements add expanded rules, magic, science, and divinity, provide a detailed scenario and setting, and describe Paris in this period. A Player Character in Miseries & Misfortunes has six governing abilities—Strength, Intelligence, Wisdom, Dexterity, Constitution, and Charisma. These range in value between three and eighteen, but can go lower. Each provides a bonus to the roleplaying game’s eight skills, but for situations where pure Strength or Intelligence is required, a roll equal to, or less than the value will succeed. The eight core skills are Break, Improvise, Listen, Parley, Sang Froid, Search, Sneak, and Traverse. Of these Sang Froid, or ‘cold blood’, is the strong will and steeliness needed to commit acts of violence. Each skill is represented by a die type and rating, for example, ‘3/6’, meaning that the Player Character must roll three or less on a six-sided die to succeed. If a skill is raised to ‘5/6’ and then raised again, its die type increases to ‘7/8’, meaning that the Player Character must roll seven or less on an eight-sided die to succeed. The maximum a Player Character can have in a skill is ‘19/20’. The rating of a skill can be raised during character generation, following the Life Paths presented in Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 2: Les Fruits Malheureux, and temporarily during play with bonuses for situation and the Player Character’s actions. A skill rating reduced to zero is ‘Unmoored’ and rolled on ‘1/10’.

A Player Character has four saves—Artillery, Chance, Poison & Plague, and Terror. These are set at sixteen. They can be lowered as a result of events in a Player Character’s Life Path. Similarly, his values for Defence—based on Strength, and Dodge—based on Dexterity, are also modified by a Player Character’s Life Path. Hit Points and Will—lost either in a duel of wits, from losing a fight, from encountering the supernatural, or being attacked in the press—are also determined by a Player Character’s Life Path. A Player Character has three Mentalités, Nationality, Politics, and Religion, which are also treated like skills. In the core rules for Miseries & Misfortunes, Nationality will be French, but Politics can be Royalist, Froundeur, Noblist, Hapsburg, or Cardinalist, whilst Religion can be Catholic, Lutheran, Huguenot, or Jewish. All of which will set up rivalries and influence interaction as play progresses. Lastly, a Player Character will have Precedence, which will depend upon which of the three estates he belongs to and his station within that estate. This is the equivalent of his social status and will play a role in interactions with NPCs and in duels of wit.

In addition to Precedence, a Player Character’s wealth or Fortune, will play an important role in his life. A Player Character can own property and have an income, and ideally it will support his lifestyle. It may also need to support the lifestyle of dependents, which can be some of the obligations that the Player Character must fulfil, at least financially. A Player Character will need to manage his assets and there are guidelines for living beyond your means, gifts, loans, charity, debt, and bankruptcy. All of which, along with Precedence can influence a Player Character’s Reputation. This is measured by quality of birth, station, military rank, wealth, deeds—acknowledged and unacknowledged, and can see the Player Character gain Entrée into high society and more. However, Reputation needs to be maintained, and again that requires wealth and income.

Combat in Miseries & Misfortunes takes two forms. ‘Duel of Wits’ covers pointed social interaction—insults, threats, accusations, bribes, seductions, and more. Much like physical combat, it takes account of range, which can be an intimate space, at speaking distance, shouting distance, and the press. Types of social interaction are treated as weapons in a ‘Duel of Wits’, for example, Accuse, Beg pardon, Poison, Implore, Shame, and more. The difficulty of each varies according to target distance, so that, for example, Confession is more likely to succeed at intimate and speaking distances, and less so when shouting in in the press. A successful social attack both inflicts damage to the target’s Will and if the target’s Will is reduced to zero, triggers a victory condition. In the case of Confession, the target believes the confession and will either consider the confessor brave for revealing the truth or scandalised by its content! Otherwise, social manoeuvres will be exchanged until the Will of one side is reduced to zero and the victory condition triggered.

The other form of combat in Miseries & Misfortunes is physical. It covers skirmishes, ambushes, morale, barricades, and more. The scale here is not just the personal, but all the way up to small scale battles, including artillery barrages and musket fusillades. One of the omissions here is dedicated rules for duelling, doing what the ‘Duel of Wits’ did for social interaction, but for sword and pistol exchanges. This is problematic if the potential player comes to Miseries & Misfortunes for the swashbuckling, musketeering, cinematic action that its genre and setting suggest. He will be disappointed, but Miseries & Misfortunes is not that style of roleplaying game and there are plenty of other options if that is what he wants.

One of the most interesting mechanics in Miseries & Misfortunes is ‘Mortal Coil’. This is its equivalent of a luck mechanic, but it is a decidedly grim and brutal one. In play, a Player Character can exert himself to reroll skills, combat rolls, saves, ability tests, and even force an opposing Player Character’s player to reroll. However, this literally reduces his ‘Mortal Coil’. Every Player Character in Miseries & Misfortunes has a base allotment of years, determined by the quality of his birth. It is rolled for by the Game Master and kept secret. This is the number of years which the Player Character will live barring unfortunate circumstances such as adventuring and seeking a fortune. The number of points a Player Character has with which to exert himself is equal to his maximum age minus his current age. Thus, every time he exerts himself, he reduces his lifespan by one year, and because the player does not know how long his character will live, this is incredibly harsh. It does not mean that the Player Character simply drops dead on the spot, but that he more likely to suffer ill effects from his efforts as he grows weary. This might be to fall down dead, but it might also see the Player Character addled in the brain and suffer a loss of Intelligence and need to spend two seasons resting or driven to drown his sorrows in drink for a season, potentially suffering a Constitution loss. These are rolled for on the Mortal Coil table, which is also rolled on should a Player Character be reduced to zero Hit Points. The roll on the Mortal Table is modified by the number of times a Player Character has exerted himself, by the Player Characters’ Virtues and Flaws, and by the group motif—that which serves as a bond between them. It is also possible to increase a Player Character’s Mortal Coil by completing life paths.

Old School Renaissance roleplaying games in general do not have a luck or fortune mechanic. The fact that Miseries & Misfortunes does, moves it away from being a straightforward Old School Renaissance retroclone. Yet the harsh nature of the Mortal Coil mechanic ameliorates that to some extent, giving the player a choice between the consequences of a failed roll versus giving up a year of his life each time. It is a nasty little Hobson’s Choice of a mechanic that gives a player something that the average Old School Renaissance retroclone does not—a decision as to the consequences suffered.

Physically, Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 1: Roleplaying in 1648 France is well presented and written. It is illustrated with a period artwork and etchings which helps impart its historical setting. If it is missing anything, it is an index, but at just over a hundred pages, this is not too much of an issue.

Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 1: Roleplaying in 1648 France has its origins in an Old School Renaissance-style supplement, the original Miseries & Misfortunes fanzine, but its combination of skill system, use of life paths and detailed characters and backgrounds, a luck mechanic, and mechanics for social interaction are modern design choices—no surprise given that the designer also created Burning Wheel—rather than those necessarily of the Old School Renaissance. However, its tone and sensibilities in terms of the fragility of the Player Characters and their place in a harsh, uncaring world do lean back into the Old School Renaissance. The resulting combination is brutal and grim, all played out against an interesting historical setting that is supported by the detailed mechanics presented in Miseries & Misfortunes – Book 1: Roleplaying in 1648 France.