Mauve Madness

From the detective stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle to the ghost stories of M.R. James, from the adventure tales of H. Rider Haggard to the speculative fiction of H.G. Wells, and the social commentary and mystery of Charles Dickens to the fantasies of Lewis Carroll, from the so-called perversities of Oscar Wilde to the murders of Jack the Ripper, from the fog-shrouded streets of London to the dusty frontier of the Punjab, from the refined and mannered lives of the aristocracy with their downstairs servants to the squalor of the slums and rookeries, there is much that we know about the Victorian Age in the latter half of the nineteenth century. This is the period of La Belle Époque, the Golden Age between the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 and the outbreak of the Great War in 1914 when the great European powers dominated the world like never before, their rivalries and tensions affecting millions of people around the world, but barely at home, a situation that would drastically change in the twentieth century when the great alliances that had previously helped to keep the peace calamitously clashed and changed the world like never before. This is a world that will be familiar to many, though both history and fiction, and has been ripe for gaming since “The first ‘Truly British’ role playing game”, that is, Victorian Adventure published in 1983. It is a roleplaying game that William A. Barton certainly saw and reviewed and perhaps was influenced by when he wrote Cthulhu by Gaslight: Horror Roleplaying in 1890s England, published by Chaosium, Inc. in 1986. This boxed set shifted the horror of H.P. Lovecraft’s Cthulhu Mythos from the Jazz Age and the USA of the 1920s as presented in Call of Cthulhu in 1981 (and ever since) to the streets of London and the far reaches of the British Empire in the Mauve Decade. It has remained a popular setting for Call of Cthulhu over the years, the setting receiving two further editions in 1988 and 2012, but it returns with a fourth edition with the Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide.

The Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide – Mysteries & Frights in the Victorian Age returns the Mythos to the Mauve Decade of the 1890s as a standalone book. What this means is that neither of the Keeper Rulebook or the Investigator Handbook for Call of Cthulhu, Seventh Edition is required to run and play Cthulhu by Gaslight. It thus means that the book include both introductions to roleplaying and the Cthulhu Mythos, as well as a comprehensive summary of the rules in the first of its two appendices. The setting and rules are compatible with Pulp Cthulhu: Two-fisted Action and Adventure Against the Mythos for a more adventurous style of play and with Down Darker Trails: Terrors of the Mythos in the Old West, should a Keeper and her players want to escape the stuffy confines of London and the East Coast of the USA and venture onto the American frontier. It provides a grand overview of Victorian England, paying particular attention to London, but also going far beyond that, as well as looking at Victorian society and attitudes. It also includes a guide to creating Victorian-era Investigators and delves into the quirks and oddities of the period that make history so interesting and help make it come alive. What Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide – Mysteries & Frights in the Victorian Age is not though, is a guide to the Mythos—its gods and greater beings, alien species and monsters, and its horribly human adherents. That is saved for the companion volume, Cthulhu by Gaslight: Keepers’ Guide, and the Keeper’s eyes only.

What is clear about the Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide – Mysteries & Frights in the Victorian Age is the wealth of information it presents, more so than any of the three previous editions. And to no little extent, if the player or Keeper has read or used those previous editions, or indeed, has an interest in the history of the Victorian period, then they will find much that is familiar within its pages. There is a guide to Victorian social class, life in the city and the country—including in the infamous slums known as rookeries, politics including the radicalism of the Fabian Society and anarchism, the Royal Family, the nature of domestic service, religion, philanthropy, death and mourning, women and the law, the place of ethnic minorities, and sex and society. It also covers communications—Royal Mail, the telegraph, and the telephone, as well as crime, policing, and the underworld. Throughout, many of these subjects are accompanied by little timelines of their own that highlight the notable events that changed them, often laws passed by parliament to improve the lot of society.

Perhaps the biggest factor here and the one that will most obviously affect an Investigator is that of class. Obviously, it plays a major factor in almost every social situation and the expectations of the different classes do limit the ways in which a person of one class can interact with another and do so correctly without being to act improperly. What this means is that Investigators of all classes are required to access different social spaces. Thus, members of the middle and upper classes would look out of place in a working-class area or space and any working-class person found there would not necessarily be as readily forthcoming in answers to queries as if they were a member of their own class. There is also a general deference to the classes above you, but this does not mean attitudes between classes did not vary. Although campaigns can be run with the Investigators all coming from a single class or group, the nature of Victorian society begs the question, how Investigators of different Classes be seen together given its constraints? Here is where the Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide begins to get that little bit more interesting. It suggests a number of ‘Multi-Class Set-Ups & Locations’ as possible set-ups, such as charities operating in working-class areas, music hall performances, racecourses, seaside resorts, and so on.

This is the first of three sections in the book that suggest ways in which Victorian society was not quite as straitlaced and corseted as we imagine. Evelyn De Morgan, the female artist who painted male nudes, Benjamin Disraeli, middle class and Jewish, who rose to become leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister—twice, and Lillie Langtry, notorious ‘adventuress’, actress, producer, and theatre manager and mistress to the Prince of Wales and advertising face of Pears Soap, are among the notable Victorians listed as having defied the expectations of their backgrounds and so could serve as possible inspirations for Investigators. Similarly, there is a lengthy section on LGBTQI+ Victorians which explores their lives during the period. Unfortunately, the outwardly prudish attitudes of Victorian society means that what we know of it is drawn from its various scandals and criminal prosecutions, although this is contrasted by some calls for acceptance. The third looks at the subject of Race and place of minorities in Victorian society, highlighting the lives and places they made for themselves in the empire. Together—and despite the social mores of the period—the exploration of these three subjects open up a wider choice of backgrounds for Investigators and wider possibilities in terms of scenarios and storytelling than the Gaslight era might otherwise suggest.

Investigator creation is as per Call of Cthulhu, Seventh Edition, but with a handful of changes. One of these is class, determined by Occupation, as for example, Acrobat and Labourer are working class Occupations, Clergy and Scientist are Middle Class Occupations, and Aristocrat is an upper-class Occupation. Others span the classes, for example, Police Officer is working to middle class and Physician is middle to upper. Some Occupations are particular to Cthulhu by Gaslight, like Inquiry Agent and the Consulting Detective, whilst some are adaptations taken from Call of Cthulhu Investigator Handbook, such as the Alienist which adapts the Psychologist. The Labourer and Criminal Occupations are further split into specialisations, including the Chimney Sweep and the Navvy for the Labourer and the Footpad and the Swindler. The Adventuress is an exception being upper class, but only temporarily. In addition, there are guidelines for creating Heroes rather than Investigators for use with Pulp Cthulhu: Two-fisted Action and Adventure Against the Mythos and there is also a list of Occupations from the Call of Cthulhu Investigator Handbook suitable for use with Cthulhu by Gaslight. There is also a good interpretation of skills in the period along with the addition of Alienism (similar to Psychology), Mesmerism (replaces Hypnotism), Reassure (similar to Psychiatry), and Religion. It is a very broad range of options across the three social classes.

Similar to Regency Cthulhu: Dark Designs in Jane Austen’s England, there are rules for Reputation and how to both damage and repair it in Cthulhu by Gaslight, but they are optional. Suggestions are also provided for several Investigator organisations, including the ‘Mainwaring Society for the Betterment of the Working Classes’, dedicated to self-improvement, the ‘Nonstandard Club’, a slightly dubious dining society for the middle and upper classes which gathers to regale each other with frightening or embarrassing stories, and ‘The Lorists’, a middle-class organisation dedicated to investigating and dealing with goblins, giants, faeries, and weird local customs.

The Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide provides an extensive price list of equipment, devices, and weapons, including a handful of Pulp Cthulhu devices, essentially everything that an Investigator might want at home and abroad. Once fully kitted out, whether for a night out to the theatre or the music hall or a walking holiday in the Lake District or a boat trip up the Nile to visit the Pyramids, the rulebook takes us there too. The book is self-admittedly London centric, so it warrants a detailed chapter of its own, covering the capital’s districts, hospitals and asylums, places of entertainment, museums and libraries, railway stations, cemeteries, places to stay and shop, clubs, and clubs for ladies and gentlemen. In comparison, the treatment of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom feels brief by comparison and feel as if they need a supplement of their own. Of course, this is not the extent of the British realm during this period, so the British Empire is given a similar treatment. Again, this quite literally has a lot of ground to cover, but from Cyprus, Gibraltar, and Malta in the Mediterranean to Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji in the Pacific, there is a solid overview of the extent of the British Empire at the time. Alongside this, there is advice on the need for the Keeper and her players to discuss the degree to which colonialism and racism should be present in their game, whilst the subject of slavery is explored historically, but not addressed in the same fashion.

The Victorian Age was one of exploration and adventure, with constant news flowing back from the furthest corners of the then unknown world to the European explorer of discoveries made and places reached to fill column inches. British Investigators need not travel very far to gain some semblance of the strange and the exotic, whether it is attending lectures hosted by the numerous societies and clubs, like the Alpine Club and Royal Geographical Society (to which they could also belong) or simply embarking on the Grand Tour of Europe. Again, and although not extensive, the book provides a good overview of exploration during the period.

For the most part, the Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide – Mysteries & Frights in the Victorian Age is a very straightforward and straitlaced treatment of the period, but it does loose its stays and go beyond its ordinary limits and into the outré—and does so in three surprising ways. The first is to visit the shores of the eastern seaboard of the United States of America, noting both the differences in language during the period and violence between the two societies, before providing thumbnail descriptions of New York, Boston, and Chicago. However, the second is that it turns its sights on New England to visit a totally unexpected region, that of Lovecraft Country. Its examination of the major settlements of the Miskatonic Valley—Arkham, Dunwich, and Innsmouth—is cursory at best, but welcome acknowledgement of their existence in this period. A first for Call of Cthulhu. Of course, the description of Arkham in this period would work well in conjunction with Call of Cthulhu: Arkham.

Third and last, the Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide goes beyond the mortal realms to examine the Victorian approach to pseudoscience and the occult, having just looked at science and medicine. This begins with the fringe sciences of mesmerism, electrotherapy, phrenology, and more—with a discussion of eugenics along the way—before delving into myth and folklore and the occult. This in turn covers Freemasonry, Druidism, and both the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and The Theosophical Society. Particular attention is paid to both organisations, discussing their history and their beliefs as well as providing biographies of varying lengths of their leading members. So included in the membership of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn are Samuel Liddell Macgregor Mathers, William Butler Yeats, and Aleister Crowley, and in The Theosophical Society, Madame (Helena Petrovna) Blavatsky. Also covered here is Spiritualism and ghost-hunting, including the Society for Psychical Research, although in the case of the latter, it feels slightly underwritten in comparison to the other entries. Again though, there are all good solid introductions to their subjects. Rounding out the volume is a good bibliography.

Physically, the Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide is a good-looking book. It needs a slight edit, but the book is well written and very readable, and the artwork and the cartography are both excellent.

The Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide – Mysteries & Frights in the Victorian Age is, of course, the book for both the players and the Keeper, so there are a lot of secrets and details of the Victorian era—at least in terms of Lovecraftian investigative horror—that have been left out. Those will have to wait for the Cthulhu by Gaslight: Keepers’ Guide. This does not mean that Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide is by any means a bad book. It is in turns interesting and informative, packed with details and interesting facts, many of which will both intrigue the most ardent devotee of the history of the period and help bring the setting to life when brought into play. The Cthulhu by Gaslight: Investigators’ Guide – Mysteries & Frights in the Victorian Age is an impressively informative introduction to the Victorian Era and lays the groundwork for the Keeper to return the Mythos and madness to the Mauve Decade with the Cthulhu by Gaslight: Keepers’ Guide.